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This paper explores how sensitive is monetary policy to the precise preferences of the central bank over inflation and economic activity. It does so in order to address a puzzle-which is that the U.S. Fed and the Bank of England a...
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This paper explores how sensitive is monetary policy to the precise preferences of the central bank over inflation and economic activity. It does so in order to address a puzzle-which is that the U.S. Fed and the Bank of England appear to have quite different objectives and yet have adopted strikingly similar policies in recent years. I use a calibrated model to assess how policy might be sensitive to attaching different weights to inflation, output, and the output gap in central bank objectives. I find that a wide range of weights can give rise to rather similar monetary policies.
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This paper presents a study of innovation policy configurations in two BRICS countries, Russia and China; the fastest growing and most innovative countries in recent years. Employing a three-dimensional framework which maps policy...
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This paper presents a study of innovation policy configurations in two BRICS countries, Russia and China; the fastest growing and most innovative countries in recent years. Employing a three-dimensional framework which maps policy objectives, policy instruments and policy implementation, the research analyzes a database of 485 policy items issued between 1990 and 2013. Twenty-five innovation policy variables have been scrutinized vis-a-vis the three policy dimensions. The paper compares the experiences of Russia with China, across these three policy dimension areas, revealing the similarities and differences in innovation policy configurations. The research identifies how innovation management in both Russia and China has been shaped by contrasting histories, state institutions and economies. The paper offers an alternative perspective to the debate on the effective management of innovation, a debate currently dominated by the experiences of the USA, Japan and Western Europe.
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We study China's organization and governance of innovation in this paper from a policy foresight perspective. With its experience of planning systems, China resorts to state intervention in economic and social activities, which pr...
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We study China's organization and governance of innovation in this paper from a policy foresight perspective. With its experience of planning systems, China resorts to state intervention in economic and social activities, which profoundly includes research and innovation. The government organizes and governs a vast national science and technology system, most of which is in the state sector, demonstrating the importance and relevance of its research and innovation policy. In this study, 343 innovation policy items, collected in our sample for the period 1990 and 2013, have been scrutinized in a three dimension analytical framework for policy instruments, objectives and implementation. We then abstract and conceptualize the results and findings arrived at the study. Targeted and general purpose policy instruments are categorized. Patterns have emerged revealing the linkages between the targeted policy instruments and the policy objectives. The results and findings based conceptualization contributes to innovate the thinking in innovation policy configuration to advance national innovation constructs.
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Background: In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of telemedicine with the aim of improving the primary medical service capacity and public medical conditions in re...
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Background: In recent years, the Chinese government has frequently issued policies to promote the rapid development of telemedicine with the aim of improving the primary medical service capacity and public medical conditions in remote areas of China. Methods: A three-dimensional analytical framework was built to analyze the rationality of existing national telemedicine policies, providing valuable insights for the future construction and formulation of telemedicine policy. In total, 271 telemedicine policy documents with 537 policy clauses in relation to telemedicine were identified, and they are subjected to a rigorous analysis from the perspectives of policy instrument, telemedicine development stage, and telemedicine development element. Results: China & rsquo;s telemedicine policies have grown rapidly since 1997 and gradually moved towards exploratory stage (9/551, 1.68%), normative stage (93/551, 17.62%), mature stage (239/551, 44.51%), and rapid growth stage (196/551, 36.50%). Meanwhile, the types of telemedicine policy instruments adopted include mandatory tools (360/551, 61.71%), voluntary tools (82/551, 14.88%), information tools (74/551, 13.43%), and economic tools (55/551, 9.98%). The majority of telemedicine policies were related to platform construction, accounting for 45.07% (242/537), while telemedicine policies relating to service operation (20.67%, 111/537), service application (20.86%, 112/537), and organizational management (13.41%, 72/537) were comparatively less. Conclusion: China & rsquo;s policy instruments have developed from simplification to diversification, from relative imbalance to equilibrium, and the balance between the vertical and horizontal objectives of the policy have also strengthened. However, some policy tools are improperly applied at the policy stage, and there is still room for improvement in the allocation of policy elements.
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European and german spatial planning policy and agricultural policy contain the policy objective to promote sustainable land use in rural areas. Both policies promise to promote comprehensive developments in rural areas, aiming at...
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European and german spatial planning policy and agricultural policy contain the policy objective to promote sustainable land use in rural areas. Both policies promise to promote comprehensive developments in rural areas, aiming at ecological target states, economic development, adaptation to economic globalization processes and strengthening regional stock flows to conserve resources. Analyzing these policies by testing their policy objectives and instruments in regard to sustainable land use delivers that only less instruments can support these objectives. Most instruments focus on economic development and adaptation to economic globalization processes. Ecological target states and strengthening regional stock flows are not supported by sufficient instruments.
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We propose a simple scheme for selecting objects (either for caching or picking objects that are peers in a peer-to-peer system) to maximize the long-run reward obtained by a system. Our approach does not require a detailed record...
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We propose a simple scheme for selecting objects (either for caching or picking objects that are peers in a peer-to-peer system) to maximize the long-run reward obtained by a system. Our approach does not require a detailed record of the value specific objects add to the system. Therefore, it can be implemented using less computing and memory resources as compared to machine learning and artificial intelligent algorithms. One of the main contributions we make is to show that one can still derive optimal policies. The model that we use and the policy that we present are both applicable in a variety of contexts.
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This paper discusses the emergence of science and technology (S&T) policy. It also highlights the National S&T Policy of Nigeria, as well as its adequacy or otherwise in the globalizing world. It concludes that the national S&T output is inadequate and ascribes the inadequacy to defects in the formulation and implementation of the policy. It is also pointed out that some important sectors such as Science, Information Technology, Communications, and Space Science and Technology, which could create potential opportunities to leap-frog technologically, were left out of the Policy. However, these and other sectors have been included in the revised Policy which will soon be approved by the National Assembly....
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This paper discusses the emergence of science and technology (S&T) policy. It also highlights the National S&T Policy of Nigeria, as well as its adequacy or otherwise in the globalizing world. It concludes that the national S&T output is inadequate and ascribes the inadequacy to defects in the formulation and implementation of the policy. It is also pointed out that some important sectors such as Science, Information Technology, Communications, and Space Science and Technology, which could create potential opportunities to leap-frog technologically, were left out of the Policy. However, these and other sectors have been included in the revised Policy which will soon be approved by the National Assembly.
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The media is seen as an important player in road pricing policy implementation processes. Yet, it is not clear whether the media is actually a policy actor, like politicians or interest groups, which pursues a particular policy po...
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The media is seen as an important player in road pricing policy implementation processes. Yet, it is not clear whether the media is actually a policy actor, like politicians or interest groups, which pursues a particular policy positions. This paper empirically examines whether the Dutch news media was objective in its reporting of the Dutch road pricing policy debate (which took place between 1998 and 2010) or whether it acted as a policy actor through biased reporting. We applied Westerstahl's Objectivity Framework to the media coverage by five leading national newspapers. Our main conclusion is that the Dutch news media was not objective and acted as a policy actor in the Dutch road pricing policy debate. Although all the newspapers violated objectivity to the same degree, they clearly adopted different policy positions. One popular newspaper was negative and the other mixed whereas all three quality newspapers were positive with the exception of one which sometimes inclined to a mixed position. All newspapers generally maintained the same position over the relatively long period of the road pricing debate.
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